Intend-Wait-Perceive-Cross: Exploring the Effects of Perceptual Limitations on Pedestrian Decision-Making
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current research on pedestrian behavior understanding focuses on the dynamics of pedestrians and often implicitly assumes that their perceptual abilities are omnidirectional. In practice, human visual system has a number of limitations, such as restricted field of view (FoV) and sensing range, which consequently affect decision-making and the overall behavior of the pedestrians. By explicitly modeling pedestrian perception, we can better understand its effect on their decision-making. To this end, we propose an agent-based pedestrian behavior model Intend-Wait-Perceive-Cross with three novel elements: field of vision, working memory, and scanning strategy, all motivated by findings from behavioral literature. Through extensive experimentation we investigate the effects of perceptual limitations on crossing decisions and demonstrate how they contribute to detectable changes in pedestrian behaviors, e.g. increased wait times and chance of making riskier decisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".