Sensors for the measurement of shear stress and shear strain-a review on materials, fabrication, devices, and applications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Shear sensors are used for measuring shear stress and shear strain in solid bodies when mechanical forces are applied. For the preparation of these sensors, researchers reported innovative materials either alone or in the form of blends, alloys, and composites. Shear sensors are not easily available for purchase, therefore, this review focuses on the working principles of various kinds of shear sensors being explored by researchers. Several technologies and materials are used, such as piezoelectric materials, piezoresistive materials, Fiber Bragg Grating, capacitive sensing, and structural colors. This article also looks at fabrication-based challenges that restrict the commercial use of shear sensors. A variety of shear sensor devices are evaluated for measuring shear stress/strain for many different applications such as health monitoring and biomedical, robotics, and or fracture in materials.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it