Malcolm Batten, Shipping on the Thames and the Port of London during the 1940s to 1980s, a Pictorial History by Ian Dew
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord recriminations, and British courts martial.A Franco-Spanish coalition devised plans for a Combined Fleet.The threat of a 1779 invasion of the British Isles put pressure on the Royal Navy as Britain's primary defense.Pressure eased as dissention and illness wracked the Combined Fleet, but battles still loomed.The Spanish Fleet was defeated in the Moonlight Battle off Cape St. Vincent on 16 December 1779.With the threat of invasion averted, Captain of the Fleet, Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt, turned to much needed reforms of signaling, coppering of the fleet and organizational authority.Other challenges arose as Gibraltar needed relief and the Netherlands' declaration of war against Britain set off a war in the North Sea that proved disastrous to the Dutch economy.The narrative continues with the fall of Lord North's ministry in the wake of disappointing news from America in 1782 and concludes with an account of Admiral Viscount Howe's command of the Channel Fleet through the indecisive engagement off Cape Spartel after which Howe returned to political life on his way to becoming First Lord of the Admiralty.Author Quintin Barry has drafted a intensely researched account, supplemented by portraits and sketches of prominent figures and tables documenting the British and French Fleets at the Battle of Ushant.The bibliography provides a guide to further reading.There is both a general index and an index of ships.Barry's experience as a retired solicitor is reflected in his account of the courts martial, as it was in Disputed Victory, which I also reviewed for Northern Mariner.I recommend From Ushant To Gibraltar to readers with a deep interest in the late-eighteenth-century Royal Navy and its connection to the politics of the era.You will love the detail of cruises, actions, technological advances, officers, and enemies.With my American orientation, I have heard and read that the American Revolution was a relatively small part of a world-wide war, but this tome supports that general statement with eye-opening facts.I gained a deeper appreciation of the motives of America's French, Spanish and Dutch allies.Patient readers can derive similar benefit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".