Investigating the Low State of NGC 1275 with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The VERITAS observatory is a ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array that detects very-high-energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from a range of astrophysical sources including more than ~40 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Very few radio galaxies, AGN with relativistic jets oriented at angles offset to our line-of-sight, are detected at VHE including NGC 1275 (3C 84), the central galaxy in the Perseus cluster (z~0.0176). NGC 1275 has a long history of observations across all wavebands, and a complex morphology that has evolved with time. The origin of the TeV emission in NGC 1275 in both the flaring and non-flaring states is still not entirely understood. A VERITAS study of a January 2017 flare finds that a multi-component model is required to fit the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (SED). In this study, we present the EBL-corrected, Compton SED peak in the non-flaring state of NGC 1275 constructed with simultaneous VERITAS and Fermi-LAT observations over the period 2012-2017.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".