Enriched electrophilic oxygen species facilitate acidic oxygen evolution on Ru-Mo binary oxide catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers are burdened with costly iridium (Ir)-based catalysts and high operation overpotentials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The development of earth-abundant, highly active, and durable electrocatalysts to replace Ir is a critical step in reducing the cost of green hydrogen production. Here we develop a Ru 5 Mo 4 O x binary oxide catalyst that exhibits high activity and stability in acidic OER. The electron-withdrawing property of Mo enriches the electrophilic surface oxygen species, which promotes acidic OER to proceed via the adsorbate evolution pathway. As a result, we achieve a 189 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm −2 and a Tafel slope of 48.8 mV·dec −1 . Our catalyst demonstrates a substantial 18-fold increase in intrinsic activity, as evaluated by turnover frequency, compared to commercially available RuO 2 and IrO 2 catalysts. Moreover, we report a stable OER operation at 10 mA·cm −2 for 100 h with a low degradation rate of 2.05 mV·h −1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".