Enriched electrophilic oxygen species facilitate acidic oxygen evolution on Ru-Mo binary oxide catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers are burdened with costly iridium (Ir)-based catalysts and high operation overpotentials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The development of earth-abundant, highly active, and durable electrocatalysts to replace Ir is a critical step in reducing the cost of green hydrogen production. Here we develop a Ru 5 Mo 4 O x binary oxide catalyst that exhibits high activity and stability in acidic OER. The electron-withdrawing property of Mo enriches the electrophilic surface oxygen species, which promotes acidic OER to proceed via the adsorbate evolution pathway. As a result, we achieve a 189 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm −2 and a Tafel slope of 48.8 mV·dec −1 . Our catalyst demonstrates a substantial 18-fold increase in intrinsic activity, as evaluated by turnover frequency, compared to commercially available RuO 2 and IrO 2 catalysts. Moreover, we report a stable OER operation at 10 mA·cm −2 for 100 h with a low degradation rate of 2.05 mV·h −1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".