Exploring Factors Influencing Tourists' Environmentally Responsible Behavior for Snorkeling Tourism, Thailand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Snorkeling is one of the leading causes of marine environmental degradation in coastal destinations around the world, and tourists' irresponsible behavior is a major contributor.The development of environmentally responsible behavior among tourists has thus become critical in preventing and mitigating marine and coastal natural resource problems.Using the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aims to explore factors influencing tourists' environmentally responsible behavior.The study was conducted from June 1 to December 30, 2022, with 520 participants in Mu Koh Lanta and Hat Chao Mai Marine National Parks, Thailand.Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data.The collected data were analyzed by using SEM.The empirical findings show that extended TPB with sociopsychological components (such as environmental concern, environmental attitude, subjective norm, environmentally responsible behavioral intentions) and socioenvironmental factors (environmental knowledge) can explain tourists' environmentally responsible behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".