Assessing the Transformation of the Social Role of Public Parks During the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Case Study of King Husain Park in Amman)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In early 2020, COVID-19 rapidly swept across the globe, significantly impacting human behavior.While a few studies worldwide have assessed the transformation of public parks' roles during this period, this subject has remained unexplored in Jordan.This study aims to investigate the transformation of the social role of public parks during the pandemic, focusing on King Husain Park in Amman.This transformation was assessed by using four social variables that contribute to creating successful public parks: social infrastructure, sociocultural value and attractiveness, lifestyle and sociability, and social capital.A mixed-methods approach was adopted for a better understanding of this transformation, involving field observations and an online questionnaire to assess the pandemic's impacts on the park's social role.The results showed that the park's role as a social integrator was limited during 2020 and 2021 due to repeated lockdowns.The findings revealed that the pandemic had extensive impacts on the social role of public parks compared to non-pandemic periods.The study confirmed that creating sociable parks is a critical issue, as they must cater to the community's needs throughout various circumstances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".