Numerical study on the effect of real gas model on the flow structure and shock location of Laval nozzle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Design of supersonic nozzle requires accurate and robust procedure since the flow becomes subtle during shifting from subsonic to supersonic. This article presents some aspects of the fluid features at supersonic region when it behaves as real gas using 3D-numerical simulation. The objectives include the variation in the shock position, the fluid properties, and the real gas model at different Nozzle-Pressure-Ratio (NPR). Results of CFD simulation showed that ideal gas model predicts higher Mach number than any real gas model. Also, the prediction is different between SRK and BWR models. The erroneous in predicating Mach number approaches 21% for SRK and 43% for BWR. For the range of NPR 2-3, shock position is found to be proportion to NPR; however, significant discrepancy in the shock location is observed when ideal gas verses real gas is assumed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".