Bibliographic record
Abstract
The book uses a twelve-hour clock for presenting time, following contemporary practice.The British Army did not shift to a twenty-fourhour clock until late in the war.Metric units, with yards equal to metres, are used for distances.This avoids the inelegant appearance of a 914-metre for a 1,000-yard advance without unduly distorting the narrative.To reduce repetition, references to France, England, and Canada allude to Canadian forces in those locations, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.Canadian units are described without a national modifier, hence the 2nd Division for the Canadian 2nd Division.British, Australian, and French units include a national designation, such as the British 3rd Division.Following contemporary practice, battalions, brigades, and divisions are presented as Arabic numerals, corps as Roman numerals, and armies spelled out -so the 14th Battalion, 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, and Reserve Army.Italics designate enemy unit: for example, the 45th Reserve Division.Infantry battalions consisted of four companies plus ancillary units for a total paper strength of 1,000 men, although the fighting strength of a battalion in the field was closer to 700 to 800 men.Four battalions made up a brigade, with a machine gun company and a trench mortar battery added by 1916.Three infantry brigades made up a division that also included, depending on the period, two to four field artillery brigades, a pioneer battalion, three engineer field companies, and a variety of support units.The engineer companies expanded to battalion-size in 1918.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.221 | 0.209 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".