Canada's immigration policy faces strong test soon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Immigration has been Canada’s main source of population growth since 1995, when its population was below 30 million. Although running counter to trends in the United States and Europe, welcoming immigrants continues to be central to federal government policy. However, Canada’s pro-immigration consensus will be tested by almost 1 million new arrivals expected in the next two years. Impacts The country’s future demographic makeup will more closely resemble Toronto, where white Canadians are a plurality but no longer a majority. Immigration to Quebec will be slower than elsewhere, as the province has extensive autonomy and prioritises French-speaking immigrants. Existing housing shortages in major Canadian urban centres will worsen due to building restrictions and bureaucratic inertia. Greater contact with immigrants for Canadians living outside the main cities may initially drive a shift to the political right.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.023 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".