Genome-wide markers show continental structuring and mitonuclear discordance in the forest tent caterpillar (<i>Malacosoma disstria</i> Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is an irruptive forest pest found throughout North America. Widespread species such as M. disstria are exposed to historical and contemporary processes that are not uniform and can generate regionally distinct genomic variation. Previous analyses used a short mitochondrial fragment to infer broad-scale phylogeographic patterns in M. disstria, whereas nuclear markers have been previously applied only in a smaller geographic region. In this study, we quantified M. disstria population variation with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and cytochrome c oxidase from mitochondrial DNA. Using highly variable genome-wide markers, we resolved clear genomic differences among populations of M. disstria east of the Rocky Mountains that were not detected using mitochondrial variation alone. We also did not detect host-associated divergence in either our genomic or mitochondrial data. Our results highlight the utility of genome-wide markers to resolve intraspecific population structure within a widespread species and support the need for further biogeographic sampling of this forest insect pest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".