A sub-mW Ultra-Low Power Low-Voltage LED Driver for a Patch Pulse Oximetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a low-power wide-swing current mirror light emitting diode (LED) driver designed for an ultra-low power pulse oximeter. The presented driver can regulate red (Forward Voltage= 2.2 V) and infrared (Forward Voltage = 1.55 V) LEDs with a low supply voltage battery. The proposed new design relies on a clock-based strategy along with a wide-swing current mirror topology providing an improved dynamic range. The proposed LED driver allows the independent control of the driving current of each LED. By varying the duty cycle of a pulse wave modulation (PWM) signal, the operating and idle times of the circuits can be modulated to regulate the current. Using a 1% duty cycle and a 100 Hz PWM signal frequency, the estimated power consumption is 0.92 mW with a typical driving current of 14 mA for the red LED and a typical driving current of 20 mA for the infrared LED. The circuit is designed using a CMOS TSMC 130 nm process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".