Political Economy, Philosophic Radicalism and John Stuart Mill
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims of the lecture 1. To show how the objective theory of value and price espoused by Malthus and Ricardo in the 1810s and 1820s transformed into a subjective theory of value by the 1870s. 2. To show that this shift was mediated first by James Mill’s Elements of Political Economy (1821) and then by John Stuart Mill’s Principles of Political Economy (1848). 3. To demonstrate that far from Millian political economy being continuous with that of Ricardo, the work of Say and Bentham was influential in detaching Mill from this “classical” framework, and that this detachment laid the foundations for the work of Stanley Jevons, Francis Edgeworth, Alfred Marshall and Philip Wicksteed, which is discussed in lectures 10 and 12. Bibliography Donald Winch has collected together James Mill’s principal writings as James Mill: Selected Economic Writings (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1966), although this edition is marked by the then-current idea that Mill is a “popular” version of Ricardo, whereas a close reading of Mill reveals that his version of Ricardo is in many regards a more workable version of contemporary political economy. John Stuart Mill’s writings are available as The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill , 33 volumes, J. M. Robson (ed.) (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963–91); the Liberty Fund have paperbacked some titles, and all of the Toronto edition is available to download from the Library of Liberty website (http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/mill-collected-works-of-john-stuart-mill-in-33-vols (accessed 26 October 2017)). William Thomas’s The Philosophic Radicals (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979) provides the essential context to the work of the young John Stuart Mill. Joseph Persky’s The Political Economy of Progress: John Stuart Mill and Modern Radicalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016) is a reliable re-evaluation of Mill’s arguments about social and economic progress. For an overview of discussion of political economy in nineteenth-century periodicals see Frank W. Fetter, “Economic Controversy in the British Reviews, 1802–1850”, Economica 32 (1965), 424–37.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".