Signs of Dendritic Cell Activation in the Lungs of Mice Exposed to Aerosols of Flavored Vaping Liquid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Vaping products contain numerous flavor compounds that are known immunological sensitizers. Sensitization to various antigens can be responsible for the onset of serious respiratory diseases, including hypersensivity pneumonitis. However, respiratory tract sensitization and pathological consequences from exposure to aerosols of flavored vaping liquids need to be thoroughly investigated. Methods Female BALB/c mice were exposed to laboratory made nicotine-free vaping liquid containing a mixture of 1% citral (lemon), 1% cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon), 1% dihydrocoumarin (coconut) and 1% vanillin (vanilla) solubilized in propylene glycol and glycerol (50:50). Mice were exposed 2h/day for 4 days to vaping or room air. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to assess total and differential cell counts, and flow cytometry was performed on pulmonary tissue and lung-draining lymph nodes to assess immune cell populations. Results After 4 days of daily exposure, we found a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage immune cells in mice exposed to aerosols from the flavored vaping liquid. We also observed a significant increase in pulmonary conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) as well as their expression of the activation markers CD40, CD86 and MHC-II. This activation is mainly observed on type 2 cDCs. In the lung-draining lymph nodes, flavored vaping liquid lead to a significant increase in total immune cells (CD45+ cells). Conclusions Pulmonary conventional dendritic cells activation and the increase in total immune cells in lung-draining lymph nodes caused by exposure to aerosols from flavored vaping liquid suggest the early initiation of immunological sensitization processes in the lungs. Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé, Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux, Fondation de l’Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Réseau de recherche en santé respiratoire du Québec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".