Phenotypic Variability in Dorsal-fin Rays of Rachycentron canadum(Linnaeus, 1766) from Western, Visayas, Philippines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is the only species in the family of Rachycentridae. Cobia is typically characterized as having 26–33 dorsal-fin rays. However, an investigation of specimens collected from Western Visayas waters revealed a wider variation in dorsal-fin ray count than previously reported, with some specimens having 35–36 dorsal-fin rays. Suspecting a possible cryptic species, we compared the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequence for specimens with 35–36 dorsal-fin rays with those having the more typical 26–33 dorsal-fin rays. The sequences revealed no genetic differences between the two morphs. Morphometric measurements and meristic counting likewise found no significant differences. This is the first report of phenotypic variability in the dorsal-fin rays in Cobia. As a result of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization presented in this work, fisheries scientists and ichthyologists will be more aware of the existence of phenotypic variability in Cobia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".