Clam Gardens Across Generations and Places Support Social–Ecological Resilience to Global Change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The construction of intertidal rock-walled terraces, colloquially known as clam gardens, was one of a suite of ancient mariculture techniques practiced by Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America. Clam gardens were built and tended across significantly more than 1,000 kilometers of coastline and over at least four millennia. Throughout this time and space, a suite of environmental and social variables, such as changing climate, sea level, human population demographics, and tenure systems, would have influenced the reciprocal relationship between clam gardens and generations of people learning from and adapting to these slowly changing conditions and punctuated disturbances. Based on our understanding of clam gardens from coastal British Columbia, Canada, we explore how social and environmental variables and their differences through time and space may have shaped multi-generational practices surrounding the building, maintenance, use, and recent reconnection to and reclamation of ancestral clam gardens. Ultimately, clam gardens are exemplars of how looking to the past can guide the future of resilient, equitable, and sovereign food systems amid changing ocean and socio-political conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".