Bibliographic record
Abstract
T his book, which is devoted to the relationship between Aboriginal people and criminal law on the nineteenth-century Plains, has returned me to the people and the issues I encountered in the lower criminal courts in Saskatchewan as a law student and young lawyer in the 1970s.The research is grounded in the records of a nineteenthcentury criminal court in the same region where one hundred years later my colleagues and I appeared as legal aid counsel.Most of our clients were members of First Nations and Métis communities, reflecting even then the over-policing and over-representation of Aboriginal youth and adults in the Canadian criminal justice system.In the course of research and writing, I have thought often of my clients and their struggles in the face of incredible odds, of my colleagues and friends in the Saskatchewan legal aid bar, and of myriad lessons it took me long to learn and longer to absorb.This work studies an earlier watershed period, but I am mindful that but for the experience a hundred years on I would not have found my way to this study.The book began as a doctoral dissertation supervised by Jim Phillips
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.407 | 0.243 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".