Exploring the Bi-Directional Associations Between Poly-Substance Use and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Among a Large Sample of Canadian Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACTRésumé Objectives: Research has demonstrated a cross-sectional link between poly-substance use and anxiety and depression. However, there is limited evidence examining these relationships longitudinally. The objective was to examine the bi-directional relationship between poly-substance use and anxiety and depression among a large sample of Canadian high school students stratified by sex. Methods: This study used data from 3 waves (Wave 1: 2017/18, Wave 2: 2018/19, and Wave 3: 2019/20) of the COMPASS study. Students in grades 9 and 10 (n = 2179) were linked over time and reported their past month substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes) and anxiety and depression symptoms at each wave. Using cross-lagged models, we explored bi-directional associations between (1) number of substances used and anxiety and depression among all students and (2) poly-substance use compared to single substance use and anxiety and depression among students who used substances (n = 401), adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: By Wave 3, 27% of students reported poly-substance use. We found uni-directional effects among youth who used substances in the later years of high school: poly-substance use was associated with elevated anxiety symptoms ( β = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.20–1.27]) among female students and elevated anxiety ( β = 0.82 [95% CI: 0.32–1.32]) and depression ( β = 1.08 [95% CI: 0.59–1.57]) symptoms among male students. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in poly-substance use compared to single substance use may be associated with worse anxiety and depression symptoms among high school students who use substances. These findings highlight the need for prevention programs to address poly-substance use and account for potential differences between female and male students. Objectifs: La recherche a démontré un lien transversal entre la polyconsommation et l’anxiété et la dépression. Cependant, il existe peu de preuves examinant ces relations de manière longitudinale. L’objectif était d’examiner la relation bidirectionnelle entre la polyconsommation et l’anxiété et la dépression parmi un large échantillon d’élèves du secondaire canadiens stratifiés selon le sexe. Méthodes: Cette étude a utilisé les données de 3 vagues (Vague 1 : 2017/18, Vague 2 : 2018/19 et Vague 3 : 2019/20) de l’étude COMPASS. Les élèves de 9e et 10e année (n = 2 179) ont été reliés au fil du temps et ont déclaré leur consommation de substances au cours du mois précédent (alcool, cannabis, cigarettes et cigarettes électroniques) ainsi que leurs symptômes d’anxiété et de dépression à chaque vague. À l’aide de modèles à décalage croisé, nous avons exploré les associations bidirectionnelles entre 1) le nombre de substances consommées et l’anxiété et la dépression chez tous les élèves et 2) la polyconsommation par rapport à la consommation d’une seule substance et l’anxiété et la dépression chez les élèves qui consommaient des substances (n= 401), en ajustant les covariables pertinentes. Résultats: À la vague 3, 27% des élèves ont déclaré consommer plusieurs substances. Nous avons constaté des effets unidirectionnels chez les jeunes qui consommaient des substances dans les dernières années du secondaire : la polyconsommation était associée à des symptômes d’anxiété élevés (β = 0,74 [IC à 95% : 0,20-1,27]) chez les étudiants de sexe féminin et à une anxiété élevée (β=0,82 [IC à 95% : 0,32-1,32]) et de dépression (β=1,08 [IC à 95% : 0,59-1,57]) chez les étudiants de sexe masculin. Conclusions: Nos résultats suggèrent que l’utilisation de plusieurs substances par rapport à la consommation d’une seule substance peut être associée à une aggravation des symptômes d’anxiété et de dépression chez les élèves du secondaire qui consomment des substances. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité des programmes de prévention pour lutter contre la polytoxicomanie et de tenir compte des différences potentielles entre les élèves de sexe féminin et masculin.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".