Cosmic neutrino background on the surface of the Earth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We argue that the reflection of relic neutrinos from the surface of the Earth results in a significant local $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{-}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ asymmetry, far exceeding the expected primordial lepton asymmetry. The net fractional electron neutrino number $\frac{{n}_{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}}\ensuremath{-}{n}_{{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}}}{{n}_{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}}}$ is up to $\mathcal{O}({10}^{5})\sqrt{\frac{{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}}{0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}}}$ larger than that implied by the baryon asymmetry. This enhancement is due to the weak 4-Fermi repulsion of the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ from ordinary matter which slows down the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ near the Earth's surface, and to the resulting evanescent neutrino wave that penetrates below the surface. This repulsion thus creates a net ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ overdensity in a shell $\ensuremath{\sim}7\text{ }\text{ }\text{meters}\sqrt{\frac{0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}}{{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}}}$ thick around the Earth's surface. Similarly the repulsion between ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ or ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ and ordinary matter creates an overdensity of ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu},\ensuremath{\tau}}$ of similar size. These local enhancements increase the size of $\mathcal{O}({G}_{F})$ torques of the $C\ensuremath{\nu}B$ on spin-polarized matter by a factor of order ${10}^{5}$. In addition, they create a gradient of the net neutrino density which naturally provides a way out of the forty-year-old ``no-go'' theorems on the vanishing of $\mathcal{O}({G}_{F})$ forces. The torque resulting from such a gradient force can be ${10}^{8}$ times larger than that of earlier proposals. Although the size of these effects is still far from current reach, they may point to new directions for $C\ensuremath{\nu}B$ detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".