Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a speech on gender equality given at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law in 1994, Justice Bertha Wilson posed the following question: "[W]here would we be without the strident voice of extremists who have the pristine courage to call ugly things by their proper names?The stance of the moderate is so often polite, respectable, soft-voiced and, worse still, tamely accommodating.Just look at history -it is the vigour and energy of the extremist who paints issues in bold colours that has been the engine of historical change, whose voice has been a clarion call to action and who will brook no delay.They may walk a hard and rough road but their spirit rides in style." 1 Interpreting Bertha's contributions as a woman, lawyer, and judge involves determining whether she spoke more in a strident voice or as a balanced incrementalist.Indeed, as this collection reveals, one of the many qualities that made Bertha such an important player in the Canadian legal landscape was her ability to alternate between these two voices.Bertha was a woman of "firsts," although she never thought of herself like that.She was one of the earliest female graduates from a Canadian law school.After immigrating to Canada from Kirkaldy, Scotland, in 1949, Bertha spent five years as a parish minister's wife before applying to Dalhousie Law School in 1954 at the age of thirty-one.Upon submitting her application, she was told by the Dean of Dalhousie Law School that perhaps she would prefer crocheting.Undeterred, Bertha later mused, "It was hard for me to persuade him that I was a serious student; that for me a knowledge of the law was an essential part of a liberal education and that while crocheting might be a very pleasant way to spend one's leisure hours, it could not be the be-all and end-all of one's productive years." 2 Bertha's history of firsts continued upon her graduation from law school.She was the first woman lawyer at Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt, where she practised for seventeen years.She was the first woman to make partner at the firm.In 1975 she became the first woman to sit on the Ontario Court of Appeal (where some of her male colleagues lamented the "encroachment"
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.541 | 0.292 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".