Bibliographic record
Abstract
Making VancouverMaking Vancouver explores social relationships in Vancouver from I863 to I913.Up to the crash of 1913, the city was a dynamic centre.Rapid growth, easy access to resources, a narrow industrial base, and the influence of ethnicity and race softened the thrust towards class division inherent in capitalism.Vancouver stands apart from many other North American cities of the period in the degree to which it retained elements of its frontier past.Despite its separation into groups ranked by wealth, education, and influence, society remained open and fluid.Shaughnessy Heights lumber barons, Mount Pleasant tradespeople, and East End labourers were all part of a complex society and displayed sharp differences in attitudes and behaviour that cannot all be attributed to class.If class does not by itself explain the differences, though, what does?Identities reflected a host of influences, of which the economic system was only one.Equally important was European migrants' quest for status, a process of social definition based on mutual regard or prestige that structured relationships in a hierarchical manner from the very outset of settlement on Burrard Inlet.The anglophone majority, whose members considered themselves 'citizens,' were divided from the 'immigrants,' transients, and poor, whom they categorized as 'outsiders,' by a social boundary that is revealed as much more fundamental than the separation of labour from capital.This work both confirms and challenges our understanding of Vancouver's early history.Class tensions still emerge as a central feature of city life, and racism still divides Vancouverites from one another.But conventional wisdom also gives way to new understanding when status is recognized as an important but overlooked aspect of urban experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.814 | 0.711 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".