Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency therapy of stellate ganglion on refractory painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: The best tool for management of pain associated with distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy(DSPN) is a matter of debate. The use of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy of stellate ganglion (SG) in patients with painful DSPN may decrease pain severity and the need for analgesics. Methods: Patients: We enrolled 56 patients with T2DM and refractory painful DSPN in this study. Intervention: The patients received bilateral ultrasound-guided SG pulsed radiofrequency therapies once on both sides. Measurement: The patients completed the visual analog scale (VAS), simplified McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), pain index, Toronto clinical score system (TCSS), sleep duration at night (SDN), pain disability index (PDI), Karnofsky performance status (KPS), depression screening scale (PHQ-9), and anxiety screening scale (GAD-7) to assess severity and quality of pain. After completing the procedures,the patient’s subjective sensations, including the degree of perceived pain relief, level of perceived numbness relief, extent of perceived chills relief, and side effects were assessed. All patients underwent baseline evaluation after the last procedure at 1-week, 4-week, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up periods. Results: The postoperative VAS were significantly lower than the preoperative VAS scores (P<0.001). The SF-MPQ score at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively were significantly lower than the preoperative SF-MPQ score (P<0.001). The KPS after the procedures was significantly higher than the preoperative KPS (P<0.001); the postoperative PDI was significantly lower than the preoperative PDI (P<0.001). The postoperative SDN (P=0.005) was longer than the preoperative SDN. The postoperative PHQ-9 score was lower than the preoperative score PHQ-9 (P<0.05). The degree of perceived pain relief, chills relief, and numbness relief at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the procedure were lower than that at 1 week after the procedures (P<0.001). The postoperative rates of administration of oral anticonvulsants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were lower than those of preoperative period (P<0.001). The significant effective rates at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after procedure, were 67.86%, 42.86%, 21.43%, and 17.86%, respectively and the total effective rates were 89.29%,71.43%, 46.43%, and 32.14%, respectively, with a decreasing trend at all follow-up periods. No serious complication was observed. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion PRF therapy can effectively relieve pain and improve the quality of life in patients with refractory painful DSPN. International Review Board Number: ChiCTR2000035544 Clinical Trial registration Number: SHSY-IEC-4.1/21-48/01
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".