Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of death in Western countries, but survival had never been studied in Northern Ireland (NI) on a population basis prior to this study. AIMS: The primary aims were to describe the survival of patients with primary lung cancer, evaluate the effect of treatment, identify patient characteristics influencing survival and treatment and describe current trends in survival. METHODS: A population-based study identified all incident cases of primary lung cancer in NI during 1991-2 and followed them for 21 months. Their clinical notes were traced and relevant details abstracted. Survival status was monitored via the Registrar General's Office, and ascertainment is thought to be near-complete. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyse the survival data. RESULTS: Some 855 incident cases were studied. Their 1-year survival was 24.5% with a median survival time of 4.7 months. Surgical patients had the best 1-year survival, 76.8%; however, adjustment suggested that about half of the benefit could be attributed to case-mix factors. Factors influencing treatment allocation were also identified, and a screening test showed the discordance between 'model' and 'medic': 210 patients were misclassified. Finally, the current trend in 1-year survival observed in the Republic of Ireland was best in the British Isles. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, survival remains poor. The better survival of surgical patients is due, in part, to their superior case-mix profiles. Survival with other therapies is less good suggesting that the criteria for treatment might be relaxed with advantage using a treatment model to aid decision-making.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".