Combined Natural Convection and Radiative Heat Transfer from a Horizontal Helical Coil Placed on the Ground and in Air: A Comparative Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current work presents a comparative analysis of natural convection and radiation heat transfer from a solid isothermal helical coil either placed on the ground or suspended in the air.Numerical simulations are carried out in the range of Rayleigh number ( ) 4 8including average Nu, relative convection and radiation rates, and temperature contours.Radiation heat transfer is modeled using the S2S radiation model.A helical-coil in the air always has a higher average Nu than one on the ground.It is found that with an increase in D/d, the heat loss from the coil rises for all p/d and Ra because the coil opening area on either side of the helical coil expands, providing less resistance to the core flow.When the coil is on the ground, and when D/d varies from 8 to 24, the relative strength of Qc rises by 2% and 1.07% for p/d=7.5 and 3 respectively at Ra=10 4 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".