Effects Of CBD Oil Incorporation On Emulsion Stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) has become popular because of its claims of health benefits.Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions are used in delivery system and CBD could be incorporated in emulsions to make variety of products.However, as CBD is significantly viscous, there is concern over CBD emulsion stability and selection of carrier oils.Hence, this work investigated effects of addition of CBD on emulsion stability.Carrier oils used in the study were virgin coconut oil (VCO), fractionated coconut oil (FCO) and sunflower oil (SO) because these oils are suitable for used in cosmetics, available in Thailand and contain fatty acids and/or bioactive compounds beneficial for skin.Olivem, a natural emulsifier was used in preparation of the emulsion to investigate the possibility of making a natural grade CBD product.It was found that addition of CBD in VCO emulsion resulted in larger emulsion droplets whereas addition of CBD in FCO and SO made droplets of these emulsions became more defined and rounder.Nevertheless, no phase separation was observed in all emulsions stored at 4, 25 and 45°C for a 4-week period.No colour change was observed with all emulsions without CBD and all emulsions with CBD stored at 4°C.Emulsions with CBD stored at 25 and 45°C, however, became darker yellow; the changes were clearer at 45°C.This suggested that oxidation and degradation of CBD occurred.DPPH-scavenging activity of the emulsions stored at the 3 temperatures were also monitored during the 4-week period.Addition of CBD oil improved antioxidant activity stability of the emulsions.Although, the change in colour suggested degradation of CBD, DPPH-scavenging activity of all emulsions with CBD were quite stable.This could be because of the significantly large antioxidant activity of the CBD oil (IC50 = 45 g/ml).Variation in DPPH-scavenging activity measurements were observed with SO emulsions and distribution and shape of droplets of these emulsions were less homogeneous and round compared to other emulsions.Nevertheless, the variation in DPPH-scavenging activity observed was only around 5% so the emulsion preparation method adopted in this study could be used to make O/W emulsions containing CBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".