Evaluation of tear quantity and quality treated with gintonin eye drops in Labrador retrievers and English springer spaniels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between tear osmolarity (TO), Schirmer tear test-1 (STT- 1) and tear film break-up time (TBUT) values in canines and to determine the impact of eye drops containing gintonin - a ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand - on these indices. Fourteen canines (four English springer spaniels and ten Labrador retrievers) were randomized into two groups: the control group received only placebo eye drops (carboxymethylcellulose), while the experimental group received carboxymethylcellulose eye drops containing 5 µg of gintonin. Treatment was applied twice per day for a period of four weeks and STT-1, TBUT and TO were evaluated both prior to and following the treatment period; the latter using I-PEN® VET (I-MED Animal Health, QC, Canada). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate potential associations between baseline TO, STT-1 and TBUT values. Within-group statistical significance of value changes induced by treatment was determined using Student’s t-test. Positive correlations exist between TO and STT-1 values, as well as between TO and TBUT values (P = 0.001 and P = 0.032, respectively). Gintonin treatment significantly increased only TBUT (21.0 ± 11.2 s versus 7.5 ± 2.8 s) and TO (317.1 ± 18.1 mOsm/L versus 302.2 ± 19.3 mOsm/L) values (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The results suggest that gintonin improves canine tear film quality, as indicated by increased TBUT and TO values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".