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Search for Correlations of High-energy Neutrinos Detected in IceCube with Radio-bright AGN and Gamma-Ray Emission from Blazars
Rasha Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Vedant Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, Karl H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, Charlotte Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, G. Binder, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Federico Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, J. Braun, Bennett Brinson, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, K. Carloni, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Sharmistha Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, Kunal Deoskar, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, S. Countryman, D. F. Cowen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, H.-P. Dembinski, S. Deng, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Alba Domi, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. A. DuVernois, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, Sharif El Mentawi, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Ke Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Edward Friedman, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. González, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, Oliver Gries, S. Griffin, Spencer Griswold, C. Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, Felix Henningsen, L. Heuermann, Nils Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, Sam Hori, K. Hoshina, Wenjie Hou, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Karolin Hymon, S. In, A. Ishihara, M. Jacquart, Oliver Janik, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Krishnamoorthi Jayakumar, Minjin Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, Alina Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Karlijn Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, Anil Kumar, Emma Kun, N. Kurahashi, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Silvia Latseva, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, J. W. Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, C. Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, Ivan Martínez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, Jessie Micallef, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tista Mukherjee, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, M. Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, A. Noell, Sarah Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, M. Oehler, Bob Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, John W. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, N. Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, Sarah Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Ponten, Yuriy Popovych, Maria Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, J. Rack-Helleis, K. Rawlins, Zoë Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, Benedikt Riedel, Adam Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, M. Santander, Sourav Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, Pierpaolo Savina, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, T. Schmidt, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, M. Seikh, S. Seunarine, R. Shah, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, Nobuhiro Shimizu, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, Dennis Soldin, Philipp Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, Matthias Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, S. Tilav, Kirsten Tollefson, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, Alexander Trettin, C. F. Tung, Roxanne Turcotte, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, B. Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, A. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, Stef Verpoest, Doğa Veske, C. Walck, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, Philip Weigel, A. Weindl, Jan Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, Annika Wolf, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, Xiaolin Xu, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, G. B. Yu, S. Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Astrophysical Journal · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaQueen's University
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftVetenskapsrådetUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetNational Research FoundationMichigan State UniversityUniversity of OxfordChiba UniversitySantenCompute CanadaMarquette University
KeywordsPhysicsBlazarNeutrinoAstrophysicsFermi Gamma-ray Space TelescopeActive galactic nucleusGamma rayObservatoryAstronomyAstroparticle physicsGalaxyParticle physics
Abstract
Abstract The IceCube Neutrino Observatory sends realtime neutrino alerts with a high probability of being astrophysical in origin. We present a new method to correlate these events and possible candidate sources using 2089 blazars from the Fermi-LAT 4LAC-DR2 catalog and with 3413 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Radio Fundamental Catalog. No statistically significant neutrino emission was found in any of the catalog searches. The result suggests that a small fraction, <1%, of the studied AGNs emit neutrinos that pass the alert criteria, and is compatible with prior evidence for neutrino emission presented by IceCube and other authors from sources such as TXS 0506 + 056 and PKS 1502 + 106. We also present cross-checks to other analyses that claim a significant correlation using similar data samples.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.692
Threshold uncertainty score0.457
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.216
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations52
Published2023
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes