Global BCG Vaccination Coverage versus Cases and Mortality in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: We examined if BCG vaccination policies adopted by different countries might influence the SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns and associated morbidity and mortality through the vaccine's capacity to confer heterologous protection.Method: The focus of this study was on the initial impact of SARS-CoV-2 as on March 23, 2020.We compared the number of cases per million and deaths per million of population of 20 countries with a national BCG immunization program and 20 of those that did not have or have ceased their national BCG vaccination programs.Results: The Mann Whitney U-tests was significant (p<.001) for both the number of cases and for number of death per capita.Countries with BCG vaccine coverage had significantly less cases and significantly lower mortality.Discussion and Conclusion: Until a specific vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is developed, vulnerable populations could be immunized with BCG vaccines to attain heterologous nonspecific protection from the new coronavirus.The choice of the best vaccine strain is important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".