Danish translation and linguistic validation of the LIMB-Q, a PROM for traumatic lower limb injuries and amputations
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The LIMB-Q is a newly developed patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), applicable for lower extremity trauma patients requiring fracture treatment, soft tissue debridement, reconstruction, and/or amputation. The aim of this study was to translate and linguistically validate the LIMB-Q from English to Danish. Method The translation and linguistic validation were performed by combining guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). This approach involved 2 forward translations, a backward translation, an expert panel meeting, and 2 rounds of cognitive patient interviews. The main goal of these steps was to achieve a conceptual translation with simple and clear items. Feedback from the Danish translation was used in combination with psychometric analyses for item reduction of the final international version of LIMB-Q. Results In the forward translation, 6 items were found difficult to translate into Danish. The two translations were harmonized to form the backward translation. From the backward translation, 1 item was identified with a conceptually different meaning and was re-translated. The revised version was presented at the expert panel meeting leading to revision of 10 items. The cognitive patient interviews led to revision of 11 items. The translation process led to a linguistically validated and conceptually equivalent Danish version of the LIMB-Q. Conclusion The final Danish LIMB-Q version consisting of 16 scales is conceptually equivalent to the original and ready for field-testing in Denmark. Level of evidence: Not gradable.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it