Media Coverage of Women’s Involvement in the #EndSARS Protest Movement in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In October 2020, anger among Nigerian citizens about violence being perpetrated by the notorious Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) erupted in a series of virtual and in-person protests. Nigerian women used the #EndSARS protest movement to navigate the patriarchal and oppressive nature of the state and demand the end of police brutality and more accountability among state security agents. The media has played an immense role in shaping the narratives of the protest movement and women’s involvement in it. This study examines the frames used by Nigerian news media when reporting on women’s participation in the #EndSARS movement. Analysis of 174 online news articles published in October 2020 in Punch, The Sun Nigeria, Guardian Nigeria and The Cable revealed that the media framed the female protesters as having vital political agency and clear insights into the relations between the state and its citizens, but also as passive victims.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".