Prevalence of Metabolically-Obese Normal-Weight Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obesity causes the loss of body homeostasis and predisposes to the development of disease; some individuals present alterations described even having a normal body mass index (BMI), and these are called thin metabolically obese. The objective was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of metabolically-obese normal-weight (MONW) worldwide. Methods: The search for studies was conducted from May to June 2022 in the EMBASE, PubMed, WOS, and Scopus databases. The purification and ordering of data were carried out using the Excel 2016 program, later a meta-analysis with the Stata version 17 program. Results: A total of 408,251 people with normal BMI were identified, of whom 78,054 had a metabolic disorder, and the prevalence after the meta-analysis was 26.78% (95% confidence interval: 18.45 - 36.03) with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 99.86%). Conclusion: The findings of the systematic review confirm a high prevalence of MONW worldwide. J Endocrinol Metab. 2023;13(3):104-113 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem882
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".