Are river ports following the trend toward concentration initiated by seaports? Reflexion about recent evolutions of containerized cargo on the Rhine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper analyses the consequences of massification in container transport on the Rhine. In the 1990’, increasing traffic had a positive effect that helped its development. The expanding transport demand induced more frequent departures and at the same time lowered the cost by the use of high capacity barges. The new growth level that has been reached can explain why port concentration might now take place (as with deep-sea container business) despite the limited scale economies of barge shipping already attained. Such an evolution has been opposed for a long time by the dominating barge operators. In such a respect, they were against any influence of maritime actors, more inclined to establish a hierarchical pattern. Emerging transport patterns like transferia and megaports are now seriously taken in account. The various projects under construction are now gaining momentum. They are contributing to a closer cooperation among the barge companies and between barge companies and the maritime firms. One sign of such a change would be the emergence of a main hub located on the Lower Rhine. L’article analyse les évolutions induites par la massification croissante des flux de conteneurs sur l’organisation du transport fluvial rhénan. Au cours des années 1990, une première phase de développement des trafics avait eu un effet vertueux sur l’offre de transport, dans la mesure où les volumes justifiaient des rotations régulières et l’emploi d’unité plus capacitaires. Aujourd’hui, les conditions semblent réunies pour que s’opère une seconde mutation au profit de grandes plates-formes de concentration des flux (transferium et megaport). Leur mise en place répond au souci de désaturation des terminaux maritimes par un traitement massifié en amont. Cette exigence portée de longue date par les acteurs maritimes s’était jusque-là heurtée à l’opposition des opérateurs fluviaux, soucieux d’éviter toute rupture de charge supplémentaire. La maîtrise organisationnelle des trafics (barges et terminaux) qui fait la singularité du Rhin leur avait permis de contenir cette évolution. L’intensification des flux et leur concentration croissante sur le Rhin inférieur et dans le Delta, sont autant de facteurs de rupture que renforce encore l’émergence d’un puissant acteur fluvial avec la reprise par Rhenus des actifs fluviaux de Wincanton en août 2011.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".