The Connection Between Cultural Tourism and Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) Tourism from Immigrant Hosts' Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study is to discover and discuss the link between cultural tourism and VFR tourism from immigrant hosts’ perspectives. The grounded theory approach is applied, and a theoretical sampling technique is used for data collection and analysis. The data have been collected from Bangladeshi origin adult immigrants living in GTA. The study has found that hosts influence their VFR travelers in their visits and exploration of destination, practices and behaviour of people and their way of living. The result has also showed that the exploration of culture and the influence of hosts may turn their VFR travelers to cultural tourists. Finally, the study proposes a VFR-Cultural tourism continuum to explore the transition from VFR tourism to Cultural tourism and vice-versa. The study findings have practical significance as VFRs can be a unique form of travelers particularly after the COVID-19 situation, the visitors may likely make social connections and VFR tourism may act as a strategic alternative to tourism recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".