3D Printed Ti <sub>3</sub> C <sub>2</sub> T <sub>x</sub> MXene/PCL Scaffolds for Guided Neuronal Growth and Photothermal Stimulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The exploration of neural circuitry is essential for understanding the computational mechanisms and physiology of the brain. Despite significant advances in materials and fabrication techniques, controlling neuronal connectivity and response in three dimensions continues to present a formidable challenge. Here, we present a method for engineering the growth of three-dimensional (3D) neural circuits with the capability for optical stimulation. We fabricated bioactive interfaces by melt electrospinning writing (MEW) of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds followed by coating with titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene). Beyond enhancing hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, and electrical conductivity, the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene coating enabled optocapacitance-based neuronal stimulation due to illumination-induced local temperature increases. This work presents a strategy for additive manufacturing of neural tissues with optical control for functional tissue engineering and neural circuit computation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".