Viewing images with closed eyes diminishes implied social presence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People perceive the minds of others in depicted faces. For example, "being watched" by photographic eyes can enhance prosocial behaviour. We sought to test whether this effect of implied social presence is greater for open eyes than closed eyes. Using a series of counterbalancing and photoshopped paintings, 48 participants viewed 40 images: original eyes open, photoshopped eyes closed, original eyes closed, and photoshopped eyes open. Participants viewed these images for 10 seconds each while their eyes were monitored by an SMI tracker; and then they rated the attractiveness of the model. We discovered that people spent more time dwelling on bodies than faces when the model's eyes were closed in comparison with when their eyes were open. No differences were found in overt ratings of attraction or between the self-reported gender of participants. These results demonstrate that there is greater objectifying gaze when nude models have their eyes closed suggesting that implied social presence of depicted minds declines when the eyes are closed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".