Neural bases of attentional contexts that mediate visuomotor adaptation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Visuomotor adaptation is essential to learning to recalibrate movements when environmental conditions change. Previous work showed that learning to counteract an abrupt perturbation under a single- or dual-task setting (i.e., attentional context) was re-learned better under the same attentional context. This suggested that the attentional context was encoded during learning and used as a recall cue. Using fMRI, this study investigated the neural mechanisms mediating the effects of attentional contexts on visuomotor adaptation. Participants moved a cursor to a target while learning to counteract a 45° cursor rotation, with or without performing a secondary (e.g., RSVP) task. Each participant experienced three different conditions, which varied in whether they performed a secondary task during the learning and re-learning phases. In the single-single and dual-dual conditions, they performed the visuomotor rotation task under consistent attentional contexts. In contrast, in the dual-single condition, they performed the visuomotor rotation task under inconsistent attentional contexts. fMRI analyses revealed that in the consistent but not inconsistent conditions, the brain regions in the default mode network (DMN), including the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus, increased activity during re-learning than initial learning. However, the inconsistent condition showed greater activations in frontal, parietal and occipital cortices and cerebellum (VI) during re-learning. Functional connectivity analyses suggested that correlations between activations of the putamen in the dorsal striatum and the precuneus in the DMN were positively associated with behavioural performance during re-learning in the consistent (single-single and dual-dual) conditions. Our results suggest that enhanced re-learning under an attentional context consistent with the initial learning is associated with decreased frontal-parietal-occipital and cerebellar activations but increased DMN activation, reflecting that the task has become less effortful. Functional connections between the striatum and the DMN appear to be linked to enhanced performance when attentional contexts match between learning and re-learning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".