Methods of Asphalt Petrology: Determination of Permeability Numerical tudy of HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections Subjected to Out-of-Plane Loading: Effect of Connection Eccentricity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hollow structural sections (HSS) have been used in various types of structures due to several desirable properties, such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, good compression, bending, and torsional resistance.Extensive research has been conducted to study the behaviors of HSS-to-HSS moment connections subjected to in-plane loading, however, studies on the behaviors under out-of-plane loading are limited.This paper aims to investigate the effects of connection eccentricity on the capacity of HSS-to-HSS moment connections subjected to out-ofplane loading by using finite element (FE) simulations.Two connection configurations were examined with different branch-to-chord width ratios (β); three cases of section corner radii were explored for each configuration.Based on von Mises yield criterion, the onset yield loads for connections were determined and compiled for comparisons.The results from this study showed that a linear downward trend is observed between the onset yield load at chord wall and the connection eccentricity, which suggests that the connection with eccentricity is more vulnerable to yielding at the chord wall as compared to a concentric connection.Also, with a higher width ratio (β), the connection was found to achieve a higher onset yield load.Furthermore, the connection with a larger section corner radius was observed to have a higher onset yield load.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".