Le Code de la presse et de l’édition de 2016 à l’épreuve de la presse indépendante. Les limites de la liberté d’expression au Maroc
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La version marocaine des printemps arabes a joué un rôle déterminant dans la reconstruction des champs politique et médiatique. Les contestations sociales ont été entendues par le roi Mohamed VI à travers la révision de la Constitution promulguée le 29 juillet 2011. L’article 28 de la Constitution garantit la liberté de la presse, mais cette loi suprême n’offre pas au corps journalistique des garanties contre les sanctions privatives de liberté, d’où la continuité des condamnations de journalistes pour infractions de presse. En 2021, le classement mondial de la liberté de la presse publié par Reporters sans frontières place le Maroc au 136e rang sur un total de 180 pays, reculant de 16 places par rapport à 2005. Cet article se donne pour objectifs de : a) relever le paradoxe marquant l’espace journalistique en démontrant le hiatus entre textes et pratiques ; b) croiser les enquêtes des organisations internationales et les rapports du ministère de la Communication sur la liberté de la presse ; c) de répondre aux problèmes qui handicapent la loi sur le nouveau Code de la presse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".