Simplified Method for the Preliminary Design of Shear-Controlling Rocking-Isolation Podium Systems for Tall Buildings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Base dual-mechanism systems that limit both shear force and overturning moment demands are being developed as a new class of seismic force–resisting systems to enhance the control of seismic demands at the base and along the height of tall buildings and to control higher-mode effects. Despite an increasing number of numerical studies that demonstrate the enhanced seismic resilience of tall buildings as a result of better-controlled shear force and overturning moment demands and reduced higher-mode effects through a variety of base dual-mechanism configurations, there are limited design methodologies for buildings with this type of seismic-resistant base system. This paper proposes a simplified method for the performance-based seismic design methodology for these base dual-mechanism systems and the structures above, which consists of (1) designing the dual base-mechanism system using a set of design charts, and (2) protecting the rest of the structure for the maximum expected seismic force demands computed using closed-form equations. The proposed method was used in this paper for the preliminary design of four example core-wall tall buildings with heights of 45, 90, 150, and 300 m. The adequacy of the proposed method was demonstrated using three-dimensional finite-element models. The analysis results were in reasonable agreement with the targeted force and displacement demands estimated using the proposed simplified method for the preliminary design of dual base-mechanism systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".