Bcl-6 expression by CD4+ T cells determines concomitant immunity and host resistance across distinct parasitic infections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD4 + ) T cells consist of multiple subtypes, defined by expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, that contribute to the control of infectious diseases by providing help to immune and nonimmune target cells. In the current study, we examined the role of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-6, a transcriptional repressor and master regulator of T follicular helper cell differentiation, in T cell-mediated host defense against intestinal and systemic parasitic infections. We demonstrate that while Bcl-6 expression by CD4 + T cells is critical for antibody-mediated protective immunity against secondary infection with the nematode Heligmosoides polygyrus bakeri , it paradoxically compromises worm expulsion during primary infection by limiting the generation of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Gata3 + T helper 2 cells. Enhanced worm expulsion in the absence of Bcl-6 expressing T cells was associated with amplified intestinal goblet cell differentiation and increased generation of alternatively activated macrophages, effects that were reversed by neutralization of IL-10 signals. An increase in IL-10 production by Bcl-6-deficient CD4 + T cells was also evident in the context of systemic Leishmania donovani infection, but in contrast to Heligmosoides polygyrus bakeri infection, compromised T helper 1-mediated liver macrophage activation and increased susceptibility to this distinct parasitic challenge. Collectively, our studies suggest that host defense pathways that protect against parasite superinfection and lethal systemic protozoal infections can be engaged at the cost of compromised primary resistance to well-tolerated helminths.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".