Determination of critical state line (CSL) for silty-sandy iron ore tailings subjected to low-high confining pressures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The disposal of filtered tailings in high dry stacks can induce particle breakage, changing the material's behaviour during the structure's lifetime. The grading changes influence material properties at the critical state, and this is not mature for intermediate artificial soils (tailings) in a broad range of confining pressures. In this paper, it aims to describe the behaviour of iron ore tailings in a spectrum of confining pressures broader than the reported in previous studies. A series of consolidated drained (CD) triaxial tests was carried out with confining pressures ranging from 0.075 MPa to 120 MPa. These results show that the amount of breakage plays an essential role in the response of iron ore tailings. The existence of curved critical state line (CSL) in both specific volume (ν)–logarithm of mean effective stress (p′) and deviatoric stress (q)–mean effective stress (p′) planes, and different responses in the deviatoric stress–axial strain–volumetric strain curves were verified. An inverse S-shaped equation was proposed to represent the silty-sandy tailings' behaviour up to high pressures on ν–lnp’ plane. The proposed equation provides a basis for enhancing constitutive models and considers the evolution of the grading up to severe loading conditions. The adjustment considered three regions with different responses associated with particle breakage at different pressure levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".