Polyacrylamide Grafted Activated Carbon by Surface‐Initiated AGET ATRP for the Flocculation of MFT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polyacrylamide (PAM) is grafted from the surface of activated carbon (AC) by surface‐initiated activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐AGET ATRP). This is accomplished by pre‐functionalizing the surface of activated carbon by oxidation, followed by the attachment of an ATRP initiator. From this surface, SI‐AGET ATRP of acrylamide monomers is performed. The resulting AC‐PAM is characterized by FTIR, XPS, TGA, and BET analysis. Additionally, the grafted polymer is cleaved from the surface of AC and its molecular weight distribution is measured by SEC. This material is designed to explore the effect that grafting a polymer flocculant onto AC will have on the polymer's flocculating abilities. This is evaluated by measuring the flocculation and dewatering of mature fine tailings (MFT) when dosed with the AC‐PAM compared to PAM. In all, this work demonstrates the successful grafting of PAM onto AC, as well as potential wastewater applications for this composite material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".