Buried Depressed-Cladding Waveguides Fabricated in RE<sup>3+</sup>:CLNGG Laser Crystals using Direct Laser Writing Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For at least a decade now, direct writing with a femtosecond (fs) laser beam technique (FS-DLW) is employed for waveguide fabrication in various transparent optical materials [1]. This method makes use of an fs-laser beam to induce changes of the material's optical properties, these modifications being dependent on the medium's nature, on the fs-laser beam parameters, as well as on the focusing conditions [2]. For crystalline and ceramic materials, waveguiding is commonly realized in the volume confined between the written tracks (Type II waveguides), with double-wall or more complex structures. Among YAG and YVO4crystals, laser gain media with partially disordered crystalline structure have been of great interest because they possess a unique combination of spectral and thermal properties [3–5]. They are a good candidate for generation of short and ultra-short laser pulses from compact structures, using passive Q-switch regime or mode-locking technique.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".