Coefficient of At-Rest Earth Pressure of Cemented Nonplastic Mine Tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Backfilling is critical to deep and high-stress mining in order to minimize stress redistributions in the host rock, which can lead to mining-induced seismicity and underground excavation collapse. Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is the most popular backfilling material in the mining industry; it is a mixture of mine tailings, binder, and water, which tightly fills the mined-out space, providing optimum regional ground control. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of the evolution of the coefficient of at-rest earth pressure (K0) of a typical CPB material. The impact of parameters such as cement content and curing time on K0 and one-dimensional behavior of a CPB in stresses up to 1.8 MPa was studied. In general, K0 behavior is characterized by three regions: elastic, transitional, and posttransitional. Fitting functions are proposed to predict evolving K0 based on cement content, specimen curing time, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) as the most common laboratory test in geomechanical engineering practices. Although the calibrated functions are specific to the material tested, the testing approach can be used to characterize other mines’ backfills.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".