Peningkatan Nilai Guna Cangkang Kepiting sebagai Kitosan untuk Raw Material pada Pasta Gigi Herbal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sejauh ini inovasi raw material pasta gigi herbal yang berasal dari limbah masih jarang dikembangkan, cangkang kepiting menjadi material yang berpotensi untuk menjadi bahan baku dalam pembuatan pasta gigi herbal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan limbah cangkang kepiting menjadi material yang memiliki nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan ekstraksi dan sintesis sederhana. Karakterisasi XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX digunakan untuk menganalisis kristalinitas, gugus fungsi, dan morfologi kitosan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan struktur kitosan membentuk kristalin yang ditunjukkan dengan terkonfirmasinya tiga puncak tajam pada 2-teta 19o, 26o, dan 29o. Hasil analisis puncak serapan FTIR menunjukkan terdeteksinya 5 gugus fungsi utama kitosan pada bilangan gelombang 3458 cm-1, 2895,15 cm-1, 1654,92 cm-1, 1587,42 cm-1, dan 1386,82 cm-1 adalah OH stretching, CH(CH3) bending, C=O (-NHCOCH3) stretching amida I, NH (-NHCOCH3) bending amida II, CH (-CH2) bending sym secara berturut-turut. Morfologi kitosan yang disintesis dari cangkang kepiting berpori, bergelombang, dan bentuknya tidak teratur serta unsur yang terkandung yaitu C, O, Ca, dan Si.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".