Search for inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering with the PICO-60 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>CF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> bubble chambers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PICO bubble chambers have exceptional sensitivity to inelastic dark matter-nucleus interactions due to a combination of their extended nuclear-recoil energy detection window from a few keV to $O(100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV})$ or more and the use of iodine as a heavy target. Inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering is interesting for studying the properties of dark matter, where many theoretical scenarios have been developed. This study reports the results of a search for dark matter inelastic scattering with the PICO-60 bubble chambers. The analysis reported here comprises physics runs from PICO-60 bubble chambers using ${\mathrm{CF}}_{3}\mathrm{I}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}$. The ${\mathrm{CF}}_{3}\mathrm{I}$ run consisted of 36.8 kg of ${\mathrm{CF}}_{3}\mathrm{I}$ reaching an exposure of $3415\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{day}$ operating at thermodynamic thresholds between 7 and 20 keV. The ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}$ runs consisted of 52 kg of ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}$ reaching exposures of 1404 and $1167\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{day}$ running at thermodynamic thresholds of 2.45 and 3.29 keV, respectively. The analysis disfavors various scenarios, in a wide region of parameter space, that provide a feasible explanation of the signal observed by the DAMA experiment, assuming an inelastic interaction, considering that the PICO ${\mathrm{CF}}_{3}\mathrm{I}$ bubble chamber used iodine as the target material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".