Discrete element analysis of geogrid–aggregate interface shear behavior under cyclic normal loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stability of a geogrid-stabilized structure affected by cyclic normal loading (CNL) is significant but has not been fully revealed. Using the discrete element method (DEM), the effect of CNL on the microscale mechanical responses (i.e., stress states, contact evolution, fabric deformation) of the geogrid–aggregate interface direct shear test is first investigated. The complex shear behaviors at the interface with normal cyclic excitation at different frequencies and amplitudes are simulated. The DEM model is able to capture the macroscopic dynamic shear laws at the geogrid–aggregate interface in a similar way to those tested experimentally. The detailed behavior of the aggregate interacting with the geogrid under CNL is investigated. Compared with the simulation under static normal loading (SNL), CNL makes the stabilized layer more prone to failure, which could be quantitively evaluated by analyzing the local shear strain and the interparticle interlocking level. Microscale studies on the load wave propagation process and the confinement zone indicate that the present method can provide an applicable tool for dynamic service assessment and reliable forecasting of the undesirable effect of CNL on a mechanically stabilized layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".