3D-Printed Conformal Metamaterial Lens with Multiple Beam Steering Functionalities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a 3D transmitting cylindrical conformal meta-lens is proposed, as a height-to-phase controlled system for electromagnetic beam manipulation, namely beam-steering. The full structure is composed of 79 independently tunable metaatoms columns, using 3D printing, providing full 360° phase compensation. CST Microwave Studio is used for both the unit cell and full structure analysis, where a standard horn antenna is used to illuminate the 3D meta-lens. The far-field beam-steering mechanism of the proposed antenna is achieved by calculating the required phase compensations for each column of meta-atoms, to redirect the beam to a predefined angle. Simulation results show two unique beam scanning techniques, one for a single beam and the other one for a dual-beam steering, at different angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, and this capability can be further extended to enable wider 2D beam scanning, with independent beam deflection for the dual-beam functionality, making the proposed meta-lens a potential low-cost candidate for high-gain beam steering mm-wave wireless communication systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".