Path Loss Analysis for Array Antenna systems in Underground Mine at 3.5GHz
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, path loss characteristics of the underground mine channel for a 64-element uniform rectangular array (URA) antenna system at 3.5GHz are presented and analyzed. Measurements were conducted in an underground mine environment, including both line-of-sight (LoS) and best-line-of-sight (Best-LOS) scenarios, with the transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) separation distance ranging from 5m to 70m. The log-distance path loss model was used to evaluate the path loss performance from the measurement data. The obtained path loss exponents were found to be 1.56 and 1.76, with shadow fading standard deviation of 1.34dB and 2.32dB for LoS and Best-LOS, respectively. These results indicate that the propagation characteristics in an underground mine have a waveguide effect on the propagated signal. As a result, the 3.5 GHz frequency band could be a suitable candidate for 5G communications in underground mine environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".