The Reduction of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Death
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Male lower urinary tract symptoms have been correlated with an increased risk of death; however, it is unclear if treatment will reduce this risk. Our objective was to determine whether a reduction in lower urinary tract symptoms is associated with a reduced risk of mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the MTOPS (Medical Treatment of Prostate Symptoms) randomized trial of placebo, doxazosin, finasteride, or doxazosin and finasteride. Men in the United States between 1993 and 1998 who were >50 years of age with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms were included. We used various Cox regression models to assess the relationship between AUA Symptom Score (modeled as a time-varying exposure) and death. RESULTS: = .03) subscales individually. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in male lower urinary tract symptoms was associated with a reduced risk of death. Further study is warranted to determine if the male treatment paradigm should shift toward symptom treatment independent of bother.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".